Sunday, November 29, 2009
Monday, November 9, 2009
Saturday, October 24, 2009
FOOD
CONTENTS
Introduction food
cooking
Cooking equipment and methods
Thai food
Italian food
Japanese food
Mexican food
Vietnamese food
Chinese food
INTRODUTION
Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal, including humans, for nutrition or pleasure. Items considered food may be sourced from plants, animals or other categories such as fungus or fermented products like alcohol. Although many human cultures sought food items through hunting and gathering, today most cultures use farming, ranching, and fishing, with hunting, foraging and other methods of a local nature included but playing a minor role.
Most traditions have a recognizable cuisine, a specific set of cooking traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as gastronomy. Many cultures have diversified their foods by means of preparation, cooking methods and manufacturing. This also includes a complex food trade which helps the cultures to economically survive by-way-of food, not just by consumption.
Main article: Cooking
Cooking with a Wok in ChinaThe term "cooking" encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavor or digestibility of food. Cooking technique, known as culinary art, generally requires the selection, measurement and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure in an effort to achieve the desired result. Constraints on success include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools, and the skill of the individual cooking.[12] The diversity of cooking worldwide is a reflection of the myriad nutritional, aesthetic, agricultural, economic, cultural and religious considerations that impact upon it.[13]
Cooking requires applying heat to a food which usually, though not always, chemically transforms it, thus changing its flavor, texture, appearance, and nutritional properties.[14] There is archaeological evidence of roasted foodstuffs at Homo erectus campsites dating from 420,000 years ago.[15] Boiling as a means of cooking requires a container, and was practiced at least since the 10th millennium BC with the introduction of pottery.[16]
COOKING EQUIPMENT AND METHODS
There are many types of cooking equipment used for cooking. Ovens are one type of cooking equipment which can be used for baking or roasting and offer a dry-heat cooking method. Different cuisines will use different types of ovens, for example Indian culture uses a Tandoor oven is a cylindrical clay oven which operates at a single high temperature,[17] while western kitchens will use variable temperature convection ovens, conventional ovens, toaster ovens in addition to non-radiant heat ovens like the microwave oven. Ovens may be wood-fired, coal-fired, gas, electric, or oil-fired.[18]
Traditional asadoIn addition, many cultures use grills for cooking. A grill operates with a radiant heat source from below, usually covered with a metal grid and sometimes a cover. An open bit barbecue in the American south is one example along with the American style outdoor grill fueled by wood, liquid propane or charcoal along with soaked wood chips for smoking.[20] A Mexican style of barbecue is called barbacoa, which involves the cooking of meats and whole sheep over open fire. In Argentina, asado is prepared on a grill held over an open pit or fire made upon the ground, on which a whole animal is grilled or in other cases smaller cuts of the animal.[21]
Thai food : THAI TOMYUM GUNG
Ingredient
Stalks of lemon grass 3
Thai chily paste 1 1/2 tb
Cilantro/parsley
with soya beans oil (dark redish-brown color), which comes in a jar that can be bought at any Thai grocery
Instructions:
1. Boil some water (half of the pot) in a 1.5 qt sauce pan.
2. Put in lemon grass, and the chili paste.
3. Put in the shrimps and the mushrooms.
4. Let it boil for 10 minutes.
5. Put in the "lime" leaves and sliced chili peppers (1 min).
6. It\'s done!!
Now you can mix it in a serving bowl with some lemon juice and fish sauce. Garnish with cilantro and serve hot with Thai Jasmine rice.
Italian food : Mint Pesto Pasta
6 tomatoes, seeded and chopped
2 cloves garlic, chopped
1/2 cup pine nuts
3 tablespoons Parmesan cheese
2 tablespoons ricotta cheese
1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil
DIRECTIONS
1. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Place linguini in the pot, and cook for 8 to 10 minutes, until al dente. Drain, reserving 1 1/2 tablespoons water.
2. In a blender or food processor, blend the reserved water, tomatoes, basil, mint, garlic, pine nuts, Parmesan cheese, ricotta cheese, olive oil, salt, and pepper until smooth. Toss with the cooked pasta to serve.
This vegetarian soup is great for warming you up on cold winter days; although it\'s light, it\'s satisfying and nourishing. Makes four large or six smaller servings
2. Allow to drain for 30 minutes. (Image 1)
3. Bring a small pan with 2 c. water to a simmer and add the shiitakes to it. (Image 2)
4. Allow to simmer for 2 minutes and then remove from heat. Let the shiitakes soak in the water for 15 minutes.
5. Bring the carrots and broth to a boil in a large pot. Lower the heat to medium and cook for 9 minutes.
6. Meanwhile, remove the shiitakes from the soaking water. Strain the water into the carrots and broth.
7. Slice the shiitakes into thin strips and add to the pot. (Image 3)
8. Add the bok choy and pepper to the pot and cook for about 4 minutes.
9. Cut the tofu into small cubes. (Image 4)
10. Take 1/2 c. of the broth and mix it in a separate bowl with the miso, until smooth. Add this mixture back to the pot along with the tofu and reduce the heat to medium-low.
11. Cook for another 3 minutes and then serve, garnished with the green onion, sesame oil and seeds.
Maxican food : Quesadilla
Ingredients
Optional:
Fresh tomatoes, diced
Chicken pieces
Avocado
Lettuce
Apple cider vinegar
Salt
Method
1 Heat a large cast iron frying pan to medium high heat. Add a small amount of oil (about 1/2 teaspoon) and spread it around the bottom of the pan with a spatula (you could use butter as well). Take one large flour tortilla and place it in the pan. Flip the tortilla over a few times, 10 seconds between flips. Air pockets should begin to form within the tortilla.
2 When pockets of air begin to form, take a handful of grated cheese, sprinkle over the top of the tortilla, making sure that the cheese does not land on the pan itself. Add whatever additional ingredients you choose - green onion, sliced mushrooms, olives, tomatoes, etc. If you would like your quesadilla to be a chicken quesadilla, add some diced cooked chicken. Take care not to layer on the ingredients to thickly - this is a quesadilla, not a quiche.
3 Reduce the heat to low and cover the pan. The cast iron pan should be hot enough by now to have plenty of residual heat to melt the cheese and brown the tortilla. If the quesadilla begins to smoke too much, remove from the heat. After a minute, check to see if the cheese is melted. If not, return the cover and keep checking every minute until the cheese is melted. When the cheese is sufficiently melted, use a spatula to lift up one side of the quesadilla and flip over the other side, as if you were making an omelette. The tortilla should by now be browned slightly. If it is not browned, turn the heat up to high and flip the quesadilla over every 10 seconds or so until it gets browned. Remove from pan and cut into wedges.
To make the lettuce to accompany the quesadilla, thinly slice some iceberg lettuce. Sprinkle some cider vinegar on it and some salt.
Serve with the lettuce, salsa, sour cream, and guacamole.
Vietnamese food : Vermicelli Grilled Chicken
600 g Chicken fillet, thinly sliced
Mixed fish sauce
2 stalks Lemon grass, bulbous portions only, finely chopped
1 teaspoon Garlic, finely chopped
1/4 teaspoon Ground white pepper
1 teaspoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Fish sauce
1 Chicken seasoning powder
1 Red chili, finely chopped
Garnishing
1 tablespoon Pickled carrot and radish
2-3 sprigs Thai basil leaves
100 g Bean sprouts
75 g Lettuce, julienned
1 Cucumber, julienned
Combine marinade ingredients and marinate pork for 5 minutes. Soak rice vermicelli in cold water for 20 minutes then place into boiling water and cook for 5 minutes. Rinse under cold water, drain and set aside. Grill chicken in medium charcoal flame until golden brown. To serve, divide garnish equally into 6 serving bowls. Top with rice vermicelli and grilled chicken. Sprinkle with peanuts and mixed fish sauce. Toss well before eating
Chines food: Chinese Steamed Buns
INGREDIENTS (Nutrition)
1/4 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons white sugar
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
DIRECTIONS
Mix together yeast, 1 teaspoon sugar, 1/4 cup flour, and 1/4 cup warm water. Allow to stand for 30 minutes.
Mix in 1/2 cup warm water, flour, salt, 2 tablespoons sugar, and vegetable oil. Knead until dough surface is smooth and elastic. Roll over in a greased bowl, and let stand until triple in size, about 2 1/2 to 3 hours.
Punch down dough, and spread out on a floured board. Sprinkle baking powder evenly on surface, and knead for 5 minutes. Divide dough into 2 parts, and place the piece you are not working with in a covered bowl. Divide each half into 12 parts. Shape each part into a ball with smooth surface up. Put each ball on a wax paper square. Let stand covered until double, about 30 minutes.
Bring water to a boil in wok, and reduce heat to medium; the water should still be boiling. Place steam-plate on a small wire rack in the middle of the wok. Transfer as many buns on wax paper as will comfortably fit onto steam-plate leaving 1 to 2 inches between the buns. At least 2 inches space should be left between steam-plate and the wok. Cover wok with lid. Steam buns over boiling water for 15 minutes.
Food is the source of life. You have to eat to receive nutrients; you eat to live, eat to gain weight, and even to lose weight.Every country have a food traditional.and. Traditional food is piont to culture and social of country.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food
http://allrecipes.com/
http://vietnameserecipes.org/
http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/World-Cuisine/Asia/China/Main.aspx
Introduction food
cooking
Cooking equipment and methods
Thai food
Italian food
Japanese food
Mexican food
Vietnamese food
Chinese food
INTRODUTION
Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal, including humans, for nutrition or pleasure. Items considered food may be sourced from plants, animals or other categories such as fungus or fermented products like alcohol. Although many human cultures sought food items through hunting and gathering, today most cultures use farming, ranching, and fishing, with hunting, foraging and other methods of a local nature included but playing a minor role.
Most traditions have a recognizable cuisine, a specific set of cooking traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as gastronomy. Many cultures have diversified their foods by means of preparation, cooking methods and manufacturing. This also includes a complex food trade which helps the cultures to economically survive by-way-of food, not just by consumption.
Many cultures study the dietary analysis of food habits. While humans are omnivores, religion and social constructs such as morality often affect which foods they will consume. Food safety is also a concern with foodborne illness claiming many lives each year. In many languages, food is often used metaphorically or figuratively, as in "food for thought".
COOKING
Main article: Cooking
Cooking with a Wok in ChinaThe term "cooking" encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavor or digestibility of food. Cooking technique, known as culinary art, generally requires the selection, measurement and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure in an effort to achieve the desired result. Constraints on success include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools, and the skill of the individual cooking.[12] The diversity of cooking worldwide is a reflection of the myriad nutritional, aesthetic, agricultural, economic, cultural and religious considerations that impact upon it.[13]COOKING EQUIPMENT AND METHODS
There are many types of cooking equipment used for cooking. Ovens are one type of cooking equipment which can be used for baking or roasting and offer a dry-heat cooking method. Different cuisines will use different types of ovens, for example Indian culture uses a Tandoor oven is a cylindrical clay oven which operates at a single high temperature,[17] while western kitchens will use variable temperature convection ovens, conventional ovens, toaster ovens in addition to non-radiant heat ovens like the microwave oven. Ovens may be wood-fired, coal-fired, gas, electric, or oil-fired.[18]
A stainless steel frying panVarious types of cook-tops are used as well. They carry the same variations of fuel types as the ovens mentioned above. cook-tops are used to heat vessels placed on top of the heat source, such as a sauté pan, sauce pot, frying pan, pressure cooker, etc. These pieces of equipment can use either a moist or dry cooking method and include methods such as steaming, simmering, boiling, and poaching for moist methods; while the dry methods include sautéing, pan frying, or deep-frying.[19]
Traditional asadoIn addition, many cultures use grills for cooking. A grill operates with a radiant heat source from below, usually covered with a metal grid and sometimes a cover. An open bit barbecue in the American south is one example along with the American style outdoor grill fueled by wood, liquid propane or charcoal along with soaked wood chips for smoking.[20] A Mexican style of barbecue is called barbacoa, which involves the cooking of meats and whole sheep over open fire. In Argentina, asado is prepared on a grill held over an open pit or fire made upon the ground, on which a whole animal is grilled or in other cases smaller cuts of the animal.[21]Thai food : THAI TOMYUM GUNG
Ingredient
Stalks of lemon grass 3
Shrimps or boneless chicken meat 2 lb
Lime Leaves (kaffir) 6
Lemon juice & fish sauce 2
Red/green chili peppers 3
Straw mushrooms 1 cupThai chily paste 1 1/2 tb
Cilantro/parsley
with soya beans oil (dark redish-brown color), which comes in a jar that can be bought at any Thai grocery
Instructions:
1. Boil some water (half of the pot) in a 1.5 qt sauce pan.
2. Put in lemon grass, and the chili paste.
3. Put in the shrimps and the mushrooms.
4. Let it boil for 10 minutes.
5. Put in the "lime" leaves and sliced chili peppers (1 min).
6. It\'s done!!
Now you can mix it in a serving bowl with some lemon juice and fish sauce. Garnish with cilantro and serve hot with Thai Jasmine rice.
Italian food : Mint Pesto Pasta
INGREDIENTS (Nutrition)
6 tomatoes, seeded and chopped
20 fresh basil leaves
10 fresh mint leaves 2 cloves garlic, chopped
1/2 cup pine nuts
3 tablespoons Parmesan cheese
2 tablespoons ricotta cheese
1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil
DIRECTIONS
1. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Place linguini in the pot, and cook for 8 to 10 minutes, until al dente. Drain, reserving 1 1/2 tablespoons water.
2. In a blender or food processor, blend the reserved water, tomatoes, basil, mint, garlic, pine nuts, Parmesan cheese, ricotta cheese, olive oil, salt, and pepper until smooth. Toss with the cooked pasta to serve.
Japanese food: Miso Soup
This vegetarian soup is great for warming you up on cold winter days; although it\'s light, it\'s satisfying and nourishing. Makes four large or six smaller servings
Steps:
1. Cut the tofu into 1/2-inch-thick slices and stack between two paper towels. Place the stack between two plates and weight the top plate with a heavy pot or cast-iron skillet. 2. Allow to drain for 30 minutes. (Image 1)
3. Bring a small pan with 2 c. water to a simmer and add the shiitakes to it. (Image 2)
4. Allow to simmer for 2 minutes and then remove from heat. Let the shiitakes soak in the water for 15 minutes.
5. Bring the carrots and broth to a boil in a large pot. Lower the heat to medium and cook for 9 minutes.
6. Meanwhile, remove the shiitakes from the soaking water. Strain the water into the carrots and broth.
7. Slice the shiitakes into thin strips and add to the pot. (Image 3)
8. Add the bok choy and pepper to the pot and cook for about 4 minutes.
9. Cut the tofu into small cubes. (Image 4)
10. Take 1/2 c. of the broth and mix it in a separate bowl with the miso, until smooth. Add this mixture back to the pot along with the tofu and reduce the heat to medium-low.
11. Cook for another 3 minutes and then serve, garnished with the green onion, sesame oil and seeds.
Maxican food : Quesadilla
Ingredients
Large flour tortillas
Grated cheese - either mild or sharp cheddar, or Monterey Jack
Olive oil or grapeseed oil
Optional:
Sliced mushrooms
Green onions
Black olives, slicedFresh tomatoes, diced
Chicken pieces
Avocado
Lettuce
Apple cider vinegar
Salt
Method
1 Heat a large cast iron frying pan to medium high heat. Add a small amount of oil (about 1/2 teaspoon) and spread it around the bottom of the pan with a spatula (you could use butter as well). Take one large flour tortilla and place it in the pan. Flip the tortilla over a few times, 10 seconds between flips. Air pockets should begin to form within the tortilla.
2 When pockets of air begin to form, take a handful of grated cheese, sprinkle over the top of the tortilla, making sure that the cheese does not land on the pan itself. Add whatever additional ingredients you choose - green onion, sliced mushrooms, olives, tomatoes, etc. If you would like your quesadilla to be a chicken quesadilla, add some diced cooked chicken. Take care not to layer on the ingredients to thickly - this is a quesadilla, not a quiche.
3 Reduce the heat to low and cover the pan. The cast iron pan should be hot enough by now to have plenty of residual heat to melt the cheese and brown the tortilla. If the quesadilla begins to smoke too much, remove from the heat. After a minute, check to see if the cheese is melted. If not, return the cover and keep checking every minute until the cheese is melted. When the cheese is sufficiently melted, use a spatula to lift up one side of the quesadilla and flip over the other side, as if you were making an omelette. The tortilla should by now be browned slightly. If it is not browned, turn the heat up to high and flip the quesadilla over every 10 seconds or so until it gets browned. Remove from pan and cut into wedges.
To make the lettuce to accompany the quesadilla, thinly slice some iceberg lettuce. Sprinkle some cider vinegar on it and some salt.
Serve with the lettuce, salsa, sour cream, and guacamole.
Vietnamese food : Vermicelli Grilled Chicken
ingredients
600 g Chicken fillet, thinly sliced
1 kg Dried rice vermicelli
100 g Peanuts (groundnuts), roasted and crushedMixed fish sauce
2 stalks Lemon grass, bulbous portions only, finely chopped
1 teaspoon Garlic, finely chopped
1/4 teaspoon Ground white pepper
1 teaspoon Sugar
1 tablespoon Fish sauce
1 Chicken seasoning powder
1 Red chili, finely chopped
Garnishing
1 tablespoon Pickled carrot and radish
2-3 sprigs Thai basil leaves
100 g Bean sprouts
75 g Lettuce, julienned
1 Cucumber, julienned
Combine marinade ingredients and marinate pork for 5 minutes. Soak rice vermicelli in cold water for 20 minutes then place into boiling water and cook for 5 minutes. Rinse under cold water, drain and set aside. Grill chicken in medium charcoal flame until golden brown. To serve, divide garnish equally into 6 serving bowls. Top with rice vermicelli and grilled chicken. Sprinkle with peanuts and mixed fish sauce. Toss well before eating
Chines food: Chinese Steamed Buns
INGREDIENTS (Nutrition)
1 tablespoon active dry yeast
1 teaspoon white sugar
1/4 cup all-purpose flour
1/4 cup water
1/2 cup warm water
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1/4 teaspoon salt
2 tablespoons white sugar
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
DIRECTIONS
Mix together yeast, 1 teaspoon sugar, 1/4 cup flour, and 1/4 cup warm water. Allow to stand for 30 minutes.
Mix in 1/2 cup warm water, flour, salt, 2 tablespoons sugar, and vegetable oil. Knead until dough surface is smooth and elastic. Roll over in a greased bowl, and let stand until triple in size, about 2 1/2 to 3 hours.
Punch down dough, and spread out on a floured board. Sprinkle baking powder evenly on surface, and knead for 5 minutes. Divide dough into 2 parts, and place the piece you are not working with in a covered bowl. Divide each half into 12 parts. Shape each part into a ball with smooth surface up. Put each ball on a wax paper square. Let stand covered until double, about 30 minutes.
Bring water to a boil in wok, and reduce heat to medium; the water should still be boiling. Place steam-plate on a small wire rack in the middle of the wok. Transfer as many buns on wax paper as will comfortably fit onto steam-plate leaving 1 to 2 inches between the buns. At least 2 inches space should be left between steam-plate and the wok. Cover wok with lid. Steam buns over boiling water for 15 minutes.
REMOVE LID BEFORE you turn off heat, or else water will drip back onto bun surface and produce yellowish "blisters" on bun surfaces. Continue steaming batches of buns until all are cooked
CONCLUSION
Food is the source of life. You have to eat to receive nutrients; you eat to live, eat to gain weight, and even to lose weight.Every country have a food traditional.and. Traditional food is piont to culture and social of country.REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food
http://allrecipes.com/
http://vietnameserecipes.org/
http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/World-Cuisine/Asia/China/Main.aspx
Exercise 6
The relation between the Internet and the library
Sub-Topic :
What is the Internet?
What is the Library?
The Internet Standards Process
What are the relationship between Internet and Library?
INTRODUCTION
As we approach a new millennium, the Internet is revolutionizing our society, our economy and our technological systems. No one knows for certain how far, or in what direction, the Internet will evolve. But no one should underestimate its importance.
Over the past century and a half, important technological developments have created a global environment that is drawing the people of the world closer and closer together. During the industrial revolution, we learned to put motors to work to magnify human and animal muscle power. In the new Information Age, we are learning to magnify brainpower by putting the power of computation wherever we need it, and to provide information services on a global basis. Computer resources are infinitely flexible tools; networked together, they allow us to generate, exchange, share and manipulate information in an uncountable number of ways. The Internet, as an integrating force, has melded the technology of communications and computing to provide instant connectivity and global information services to all its users at very low cost.
What is the Library?
A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use," and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology.
Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to — or cannot afford to — purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs.
The Internet Standards Process
What are the relationship between Internet and Library?
As above, now a days, Internet has been related to everything, including Library. In fact, There is one thing that they share the same, is Information.
There is a proverb about " two sides of a coin". It means, can be both positive and negative ways. In the positive way that the internet did a lot for the library, example are
1. It is support the library database, means you can search the book that you need from the internet.
2. It can be the source of knowledge for the Liberians and searchers to search for topics that are not in the library.
In the other hand, on the negative ways.
1. With the advanced of the internet can lead people to stay in touch with information rather than use the library, so people might go to the library less than before.
CONCLUSION
The Internet as a widespread end-user tool is a relatively new phenomenon in the history of libraries, yet in its short existence, it has had a significant impact on every facet of library operations. The areas affected range from internal administration and management functions, such as staffing and staff training, workflow, and collection management, to technical functions such as systems software and hardware, to the more publicly visible services offered by libraries such as access to computers and the Internet and training in the use of these, digital reference and other information services, community-oriented services and resources, as well as a variety of public relations issues related to these. A fundamental issue underlying all these is the impact that the Internet is having upon public library use. The development of the Internet as a tool has been so rapid that it is safe to say that libraries have (understandably) been caught by surprise, and the initial planning and response to the Internet's functionality within the library was, in many cases, more reactive than proactive. This rapid development also meant that libraries did not have access to empirical research that could guide them in some of their decisions; fortunately, enough time has elapsed so that some research results are now available on various aspects of Internet use in relation to the public library.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/what_is_internet.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library
Sub-Topic :
What is the Internet?
What is the Library?
The Internet Standards Process
What are the relationship between Internet and Library?
INTRODUCTION
As we approach a new millennium, the Internet is revolutionizing our society, our economy and our technological systems. No one knows for certain how far, or in what direction, the Internet will evolve. But no one should underestimate its importance.
Over the past century and a half, important technological developments have created a global environment that is drawing the people of the world closer and closer together. During the industrial revolution, we learned to put motors to work to magnify human and animal muscle power. In the new Information Age, we are learning to magnify brainpower by putting the power of computation wherever we need it, and to provide information services on a global basis. Computer resources are infinitely flexible tools; networked together, they allow us to generate, exchange, share and manipulate information in an uncountable number of ways. The Internet, as an integrating force, has melded the technology of communications and computing to provide instant connectivity and global information services to all its users at very low cost.
What is the Library?
A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use," and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology.
Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to — or cannot afford to — purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs.
However, with the sets and collection of media and of media other than books for storing information, many libraries are now also repositories and access points for maps, prints, or other documents and various storage media such as microform (microfilm/microfiche), audio tapes, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, and DVDs. Libraries may also provide public facilities to access subscription databases and the Internet.
Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats and from many sources. They are understood as extending beyond the physical walls of a building, by including material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of knowledge with a variety of digital tools.
What is the Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allow person-to-person communication via voice and video.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.The Internet Standards Process
investigators on the internetting research effort essentially determined what technical features of the TCP/IP protocols would become common. The initial work in this area started with the joint effort of the two authors, continued Internet standards were once the output of research activity sponsored by DARPA. The principal in Cerf's group at Stanford, and soon thereafter was joined by engineers and scientists at BBN and University College London. This informal arrangement has changed with time and details can be found elsewhere [xviii]. At present, the standards efforts for Internet is carried out primarily under the auspices of the Internet Society (ISOC). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) operates under the leadership of its Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), which is populated by appointees approved by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) which is, itself, now part of the Internet Society.
What are the relationship between Internet and Library?
As above, now a days, Internet has been related to everything, including Library. In fact, There is one thing that they share the same, is Information.
There is a proverb about " two sides of a coin". It means, can be both positive and negative ways. In the positive way that the internet did a lot for the library, example are
1. It is support the library database, means you can search the book that you need from the internet.
2. It can be the source of knowledge for the Liberians and searchers to search for topics that are not in the library.
In the other hand, on the negative ways.
1. With the advanced of the internet can lead people to stay in touch with information rather than use the library, so people might go to the library less than before.
CONCLUSION
The Internet as a widespread end-user tool is a relatively new phenomenon in the history of libraries, yet in its short existence, it has had a significant impact on every facet of library operations. The areas affected range from internal administration and management functions, such as staffing and staff training, workflow, and collection management, to technical functions such as systems software and hardware, to the more publicly visible services offered by libraries such as access to computers and the Internet and training in the use of these, digital reference and other information services, community-oriented services and resources, as well as a variety of public relations issues related to these. A fundamental issue underlying all these is the impact that the Internet is having upon public library use. The development of the Internet as a tool has been so rapid that it is safe to say that libraries have (understandably) been caught by surprise, and the initial planning and response to the Internet's functionality within the library was, in many cases, more reactive than proactive. This rapid development also meant that libraries did not have access to empirical research that could guide them in some of their decisions; fortunately, enough time has elapsed so that some research results are now available on various aspects of Internet use in relation to the public library.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/what_is_internet.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Exercise 5
1. Write the database of the hotel(similar to the library database).
2. Go to the library website search for the bibliographic of database books in the library catalog(OPAC = online publice access catatog).
3. Go the library e-book database, search for the articles about database from proquest, ABI/INFROM, Dissertation & theses.
++Abstract (Summary)S&P Consultants Tracey Leathers-Dray, 1 508-586-7850 tdray@spconinc.com Logo: http://www.spconinc.com A new business partnership of S&P Consultants, Inc. and Vedant Incorporated will now offer the highest levels of quality- and patient-safety assurance to both standard and customized applications built on the Cerner Millennium(R) platform.
Monday, September 21, 2009
Exercise 4
1.where can you find information about Nobel Prize?
-I can find in http://nobelprize.org/ who get the Nonle Priz this year? 2008 - Chemistry, Martin Chalfie Chemistry, Osamu Shimomura Chemistry, Roger Y. Tsien Economics, Paul Krugman Literature, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio Medicine, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi Medicine, Luc Montagnier Medicine, Harald zur Hausen Peace, Martti Ahtisaari Physics, Makoto Kobayashi Physics, Toshihide Maskawa Physics, Yoichiro Nambu
2.Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th Search for the history of automobiles or computer.Summarize the information you get.
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile -The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam-powered automobiles capable of human transport[1] In 1806, the first cars powered by internal combustion engines running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. Cars powered by electricity briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from commonality until the turn of the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited. As such, the early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras based on the prevalent method of automotive propulsion during that time. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling and size and utility preferences.
3.What is the difference between general book and reference
-reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense) which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference-only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items or individual reference-only items may be shelved among items available for borrowing.
4.When do you need to serch information from the reference collection?
-when i want to know the maening,spelling,pronunciation,synonyms,usagem.
5.what type of reference collection that you like to use most?And why?
- Dictionary because I can learn more the new words...and help me to improve english
6.Dictionary
-OXFORD DICTIONARY OF BUSINESS ENGLISH FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
PAGE 220......
kitty
a small amount of money collected by a group of people for use in an agreed purpose
:There is no money left in the kitty
a telephone kitty ie. for paying a shared telephone bill
knocking copy
words in an advert that criticize a rival product
:the advert containing knocking copy has been eithdrawn
knock off
to stop work
:we usally knock off at 5.30
knock something off
to take amount of something (the price of something)
:the cover of this book to torn>>>>
can you knock something of the price?,knock five pounds off the original cost
knock out agreement
a secret agreement between dealers not to bid against each other at an auction
:An illegal knock-out agreement accounted for the unusually low prices at the auction.
knot
1.a measure of the speed of a ship or of wind(one nautical mile per hour)
:the top speed of the liner was 30knots.
2.a measure of the speed of mind
know-how
special knowledge or expertise,esp in planning something new
:it is essential to get some one with the right khow-how before we start this project
-I can find in http://nobelprize.org/ who get the Nonle Priz this year? 2008 - Chemistry, Martin Chalfie Chemistry, Osamu Shimomura Chemistry, Roger Y. Tsien Economics, Paul Krugman Literature, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio Medicine, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi Medicine, Luc Montagnier Medicine, Harald zur Hausen Peace, Martti Ahtisaari Physics, Makoto Kobayashi Physics, Toshihide Maskawa Physics, Yoichiro Nambu
2.Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th Search for the history of automobiles or computer.Summarize the information you get.
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile -The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam-powered automobiles capable of human transport[1] In 1806, the first cars powered by internal combustion engines running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. Cars powered by electricity briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from commonality until the turn of the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited. As such, the early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras based on the prevalent method of automotive propulsion during that time. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling and size and utility preferences.
3.What is the difference between general book and reference
-reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense) which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference-only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items or individual reference-only items may be shelved among items available for borrowing.
4.When do you need to serch information from the reference collection?
-when i want to know the maening,spelling,pronunciation,synonyms,usagem.
5.what type of reference collection that you like to use most?And why?
- Dictionary because I can learn more the new words...and help me to improve english
6.Dictionary
-OXFORD DICTIONARY OF BUSINESS ENGLISH FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
PAGE 220......
kitty
a small amount of money collected by a group of people for use in an agreed purpose
:There is no money left in the kitty
a telephone kitty ie. for paying a shared telephone bill
knocking copy
words in an advert that criticize a rival product
:the advert containing knocking copy has been eithdrawn
knock off
to stop work
:we usally knock off at 5.30
knock something off
to take amount of something (the price of something)
:the cover of this book to torn>>>>
can you knock something of the price?,knock five pounds off the original cost
knock out agreement
a secret agreement between dealers not to bid against each other at an auction
:An illegal knock-out agreement accounted for the unusually low prices at the auction.
knot
1.a measure of the speed of a ship or of wind(one nautical mile per hour)
:the top speed of the liner was 30knots.
2.a measure of the speed of mind
know-how
special knowledge or expertise,esp in planning something new
:it is essential to get some one with the right khow-how before we start this project
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Exercise 3
1. Journal & Magazine
--A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:
-a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
-a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly academic journals, or the record of the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used, erroneously, as a synonym for "magazine," in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication, most often peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine.
product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object; "tripped over a pile of magazines"
B Philosophy, psychology, M Music
Religion N Fine Arts
C Auxiiary Sciences of P Language and
History Literature
D Fiatory (includes Travel) Q Science
E America R Medicine
F Untied States, Canada, S Agriculture
Latin America T Tecnology
DC is Dewey Demical Classification
The Dewey Demical System(DDC)
How to read call numbers im the library
DDC works well in smaller libraries, but it isn't specific enough for large
diverse collcetion.
DDC has ten major class
000 Generalities
100 Philosophy/Psychology
200 Religion
300 Social Sciences
400 Language
500 Natural Sciences /Mathematics
3.Access the library website: What is the call number?
http://www.tkpark.or.th/ e-book for children
www.pantip.com/cafe knowledge about pets, food, fashion, education, travel
*Call number is located at the bottom of the book on the spine.It helps you to find your books quicker.Once you've got your call number from the card catalog, it's time to go find your book!
4.What are sources of knowledge?
-Ask a friend
-Ask parent
-Ask family
-look in book and other resources at home
-phone an advisory service
-visit a library
-information service
-search on the internet
5. What do you read this week?
I'm read newspaper in msn about Mong Thongdee
Mong Thongdee, a stateless child from Chiang Mai province representing Thailand in an international paper airplane flying contest in Japan,He is12-year-old was part of a three-man team which included two adults at the All-Japan Origami Airplane competition being held at the Makuhari Complex in Chiba, Japan, according to Japanese newspaper Mainichi.
Mong's paper plane stayed in the air for 11 seconds, which was good enough for victory, but not good enough to break the record of 12.50 seconds set last year.
--A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings:
-a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a diary.
-a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day;
many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, or scholarly academic journals, or the record of the transactions of a society, are often called journals. Although journal is sometimes used, erroneously, as a synonym for "magazine," in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication, most often peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine.
Example: Wall Street journal
--Magazine is a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it; "it takes several ...
product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object; "tripped over a pile of magazines"
Example: Time Magazine
2.Dc & LC classification
LC classification Summary
A General Works L Education
B Philosophy, psychology, M Music
Religion N Fine Arts
C Auxiiary Sciences of P Language and
History Literature
D Fiatory (includes Travel) Q Science
E America R Medicine
F Untied States, Canada, S Agriculture
Latin America T Tecnology
DC is Dewey Demical Classification
The Dewey Demical System(DDC)
How to read call numbers im the library
DDC works well in smaller libraries, but it isn't specific enough for large
diverse collcetion.
DDC has ten major class
000 Generalities
100 Philosophy/Psychology
200 Religion
300 Social Sciences
400 Language
500 Natural Sciences /Mathematics
3.Access the library website: What is the call number?
http://www.tkpark.or.th/ e-book for children
www.pantip.com/cafe knowledge about pets, food, fashion, education, travel
*Call number is located at the bottom of the book on the spine.It helps you to find your books quicker.Once you've got your call number from the card catalog, it's time to go find your book!
4.What are sources of knowledge?
-Ask a friend
-Ask parent
-Ask family
-look in book and other resources at home
-phone an advisory service
-visit a library
-information service
-search on the internet
5. What do you read this week?
I'm read newspaper in msn about Mong Thongdee
Mong Thongdee, a stateless child from Chiang Mai province representing Thailand in an international paper airplane flying contest in Japan,He is12-year-old was part of a three-man team which included two adults at the All-Japan Origami Airplane competition being held at the Makuhari Complex in Chiba, Japan, according to Japanese newspaper Mainichi.
Mong's paper plane stayed in the air for 11 seconds, which was good enough for victory, but not good enough to break the record of 12.50 seconds set last year.
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